Description: Moral Philosophy: Or, The Science of Obligation by James Fairchild published by Sheldon & Co., New York, 1884. Hardcover. James Harris Fairchild wrote this textbook of philosophical instruction for his lectures on moral philosophy. James Harris Fairchild (1817 - 1902) was a Biblical scholar, teacher, anti-slavery advocate and the third president of Oberlin College. He was also a staunch abolitionist known for his participation in the Underground Railroad and for his role in the famous Oberlin-Wellington slave Rescue in 1858, a defining act of civil disobedience in which a group of about 600 people gathered together in the small town of Oberlin, Ohio, to save John Price, a 17-year old fugitive slave from Kentucky who had been arrested by two slave catchers and two federal marshals under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. After a standoff of several hours, Price was rescued from his captors taken back to the Oberlin home of James Harris Fairchild before he could be taken to Canada and escorted to freedom. The Oberlin–Wellington Rescue was influential in raising opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act, was also a key event in the history of abolitionism that contributed to the coming of the Civil War, and affected issues of race in ways that continue to impact American society today. Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music that has always been a pioneer in higher learning, social justice & artistic expression. Oberlin was one of the first few US colleges to admit African Americans and the first US college to award bachelor’s degrees to women. CONDITION: This book is in good condition. Tight binding, clean text. Book shows normal fairly minor signs of storage & age. The cover is worn, soiled, stained, scuffed, has some discoloration and has edge wear. Pages have turned yellow from age. Foxing to paper commensurate with age. The name of the original owner is written on the title page. There is some writing on the endpaper at the front of the book and on page 85. Please see pictures. THE PICTURES ARE TO BE CONSIDERED AS PART OF THE DESCRIPTION. PLEASE REVIEW THEM FOR A BETTER IDEA OF CONDITION. CONTENTS: THEORETICAL INTRODUCTORY DEFINITIONS Divisions of the science Topics treated of Obligation a simple idea Undefinable Attempted definitions A moral being or person Essential attributes Intellect Sensibility Freewill A moral act The moral element, where found Different forms of voluntary action More exact location of the moral element Character and intention Two kinds of moral action RIGHT OR VIRTUOUS ACTION The true good Absolute and relative good Illustrations of the two Mere animal life valuable The Summum Bonum No comparison of the two forms of good Happiness Obligation, how perceived Regard to our own good Of virtue as good Of benevolence as virtue Benevolence in consciousness WRONG OR SINFUL ACTION Its nature Its motive Its form, how determined Gratification of desire not sin Sin subordinates reason No rational end in sin Sin not a choice of evil Sin not selfishness Impossibility of making one's own good the supreme end Sin in consciousness Self-gratification not the intelligent end Sin subjection to impulse, or carnal-mindedness Desires and passions not sinful Their uses OF THE PARTICULAR VIRTUES Benevolence the root Constitutes right character Its relation to the particular virtues, and to right acts Love Gratitude Justice not an independent virtue Mercy not opposed to justice Self-denial Veracity Humility Faith Obedience The teaching of Scripture Misapprehensions of benevolence Interdependence of the virtues OF PARTICULAR VICES Their common element Their relation to sinful character Their origin Sensuality Ambition Avarice Pride and vanity Selfishness The desire not sinful Malevolent impulses Natural or impulsive goodness Two characters possible Apparent goodness Right moral judgments Kindly affections Devotional feelings Impulsive virtues, their relation to true virtue Imitative goodness Deficiency exhibited Are the impulsive virtues sinful? Their utility ADDITIONAL REMARKS AND INFERENCES Universality of the law of benevolence Works of supererogation impossible Morality personal, not transferable Ambiguity of the term character The seat of moral depravity Total moral depravity The moral change required Relation of emotion to the moral state Moral character in consciousness Moral consistency RIGHT & WRONG - DUTY, KNOWN AND UNKNOWN - NEED OF A REVELATION Ambiguity of the terms right & wrong Absolute right and wrong Relative right and wrong Objective and subjective right and wrong Right and wrong per se The expedient and the right Our knowledge of the right End and means Doing evil that good may come Least of two evils Known and unknown duty Need of revelation to furnish motive and to indicate objective duty CONSCIENCE IS IT A GUIDE? Definition and office Impulse of Conscience Approval and condemnation Aesthetic conscience Conscience as a guide Intervention of judgment Different views Whately and Alexander Sins of ignorance Rational conscience the guide, not the emotional, nor the aesthetic Conscientiousness Paul Honesty Sincerity Conscience educated, enlightened, perverted UNITY OR SIMPLICITY OF MORAL ACTION Virtue and sin contradictory Their coexistence impossible Different hypotheses to explain their coexistence Imperfect powers From the fall From past sin Right intention with wrong thoughts and feelings Mixed motives Partial regard for good Lack of intensity Right ultimate choice and wrong acts The teaching of the Scriptures Practical teaching Taylor & Metcalf Objections and answers Prevailing consciousness Negative testimony No room for improvement Degrees of goodness Degrees of sinfulness Temptation and guilt Knowledge of past sinfulness General bearing of the doctrine THEORIES OF OBLIGATION The question Different answers Reason for the difference Socrates and Plato Aristotle Doctrine of the Stoics Of the Epicureans Modern views Paley New Haven Theory Difficulties Psychological error No freedom Misrepresents benevolence Mistakes the motive Makes no difference between the good and the bad Does not accord with Scripture Utilitarianism Misapplication of the term Needed discrimination "Holy Happiness" THEORIES OF OBLIGATION Of right as ultimate Of obligation as originating in the will of God Difficulties Reason not ultimate Obligation known intuitively No character in God Relativity of morality Unscriptural Founded in the reason or nature of God Of spiritual worthiness as ultimate Difficulties Hickok's view Not an ultimate good Still less one’s own worthiness Inverts the order of Thought If virtue as ultimate View of Edward’s Andover Theory Difficulties Complacency not virtue Not a Higher Virtue Confusion in the use of the term Good Virtue a quality of choice, not its object Of abstract right as ultimate Axiom of the theory Does not explain the virtues Gives no unity to virtue Rightness not the final motive Maxim of the theory Acting from principle Rightness not ultimate Incidental advantages of the theory of benevolence. PRACTICAL ETHICS GOVERNMENT - ITS NATURE AND F0UNDATI0N Definitions Relation of sanctions to government Object of government Its right to exist The right to govern Duty to govern Designation of the ruler Form of government Extent of authority Not dependent on desire of the governed THE DIVINE GOVERNMENT Its constitution Why God assumes the government The divine law How known to men Revealed law Authority of examples The Saviour's example Genuine virtue required Personality of the law Application to communities Dealing with nations National sins PENALTIES UNDER THE DIVINE GOVERNMENT Nature of penalty Effects of penalty Relation of penalty to desert True reason of penalty Its extent Discipline and penalty Necessity of penalty in the divine government Degree and duration Guilt everlasting Natural consequences not penalty Physical law and penalty Remorse and penalty Providential consequences CIVIL GOVERNMENT Its foundation Right to govern The form of government A legitimate government A tyranny Constitutions Not a social compact Right and duty of voting The ruler a servant Doctrine of instruction Right of the majority Principle of representation The will of the governed a controlling element General tendency to democracy Relation of law to righteousness Mistakes PENALTIES IN CIVIL GOVERNMENT Uses of penalties Dangerous tendency Capital punishment Reasons for it Objections LIMITS OF OBEDIENCE TO CIVIL GOVERNMENT Government subordinate The higher law applied to a democratic state No general formula Laws, just, indifferent, unjust Two possible courses Duty of a subordinate magistrate Right of revolution Apprehended tendency Errors in two directions THE RELATIONS OF NATIONS TO EACH OTHER Obligation of nations limited Laws of nations Duty to respect each other's sovereignty Duty in case of rebellion In treaties In commercial intercourse Duty of self-preservation The rightfulness of war In case of resistance at home In case of aggression from without In defense of the weak In suppression of outrage In justifiable revolution Objections The true aim in war Duties in war FAMILY GOVERNMENT Has a natural foundation Limited in its subjects Wide in its application to interests Mode of constitution Question of headship A relation of confidence tobe entered upon with deliberation Maintained with care A natural sphere for each Relations of the family to the state and to society DUTIES OF PARENT AND CHILD, OF TEACHER AND PUPIL Chief work of the family Place of parental affection Leading duty of the parent Duty of obedience and its natural termination Claim of the child Limit of obedience Duty in maturity toward dependent parents The teacher's authority Its extent Need of closer definition The pupil's duty Unnatural antagonism Mutual regard Unfavorable tendencies Extreme individualism Independence of opinion PERSONAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES - GENERAL PRINCIPLES Basis of rights The comprehensive right Inalienable rights Basis of duties Correlation of rights and duties Positive and negative precepts Subjects of rights and duties The rights of brutes Superior right of rational beings RIGHTS - LIFE Basis of the right Guilt of murder Malice and hatred Manslaughter Related crimes Right of self-preservation limited Self-defense Protection of property Carrying weapons Dueling Objections to self-defense RIGHTS - LIBERTY Definition and extent Basis of the right Misapprehension of its origin Application to different powers Principle of toleration Freedom of the press Free discussions Intervention of government in worship & education Subjective limitations Respect to the consciences of others Use of definite rules Violations of liberty Its defense RIGHTS - REPUTATION The interest involved How a good The precept Temptations to its violation Duty of exposing wrong Slander in truth-telling RIGHTS - PROPERTY Origin of the right The precqpt Property, how acquired Transferable Right of discovery Effect of long possession Things not to be appropriated Animals made property, human beings not Limitations of the right Law of exchange Duty of the vender Standard of value PERSONAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES Managing the market Cicero's example Law of wages Woman's wages Work that is above wages Violations of the right of property Bankrupt laws Prevalence of fraud upon the government Mischief of repudiation Immorality of gambling DUTIES - PIETY Origin of duties Nature of piety Its relation to religion Morality and religion Morality attained by religion Opposite of piety Duty of worship Possibility of prayer Speculative objections Social and public prayer The Sabbath Change of day Obligation permanent Proper observance Duty of promoting religion DUTIES - PHILANTHROPY - PATRIOTISM Nature of philanthropy Its relation to religion Its scope Proper test Misanthropy Patriotism as a virtue Required by benevolence Things opposed to patriotism DUTIES - SELF-CULTURE Its nature and reasons Extends to all the faculties Spiritual culture Its relation to virtuous character Intellectual culture Things to be held subordinate Kind of knowledge to be sought Culture of the sensibility Gives power Relation to moral character Control indirect Associations Books Perfection of character DUTIES - SELF-CULTURE Aesthetic Its expensiveness Elevating tendency Increases power False refinement Fastidiousness The cultivated lady Culture, how attained Degree of attention proper Other demands to be cousidered Physical culture a duty Health Manual skill Manners and habits Predominance of the soul DUTIES - USEFULNESS The true aim The natural impulse Proper occupation Notoriety not usefulness Wealth and its uses Special obligation of the rich Social influence Difficulties and duties Special duties of the young The great want DUTIES - FIDELITY Faithfulness in contracts Binding force Threats and promises In what sense binding When null Conditions Express and implied contracts Effect of the oath Marriage engagements DUTIES - VERACITY Its nature and obligation Significance of the oath Its rightfulness Profanity Violations of veracity Limits of the obligation Words and gestures Legal practice Instinct of veracity DUTIES - CHASTITY Nature of the duty Effect and criminality of unchastity Injustice of society Marriage provided for Its nature and conditions Moral law of divorce Civil law Incest Concluding remarks
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Book Title: Moral Philosophy: Or, The Science of Obligation
Signed: No
Book Series: American Philosophy
Narrative Type: Nonfiction
Original Language: English
Publisher: Sheldon and Company
Inscribed: No
Intended Audience: Adults
Vintage: Yes
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Publication Year: 1884
Type: Textbook
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Era: 1800s
Personalized: No
Author: James Harris Fairchild (1817-1902)
Features: Antique book, Marbled Edges
Genre: Antiquarian & Collectible, Christianity, Nonfiction, Christian ethics, History, American History, Philosophy, American moral philosophy, Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Ethical thought, American Cristian history, American cristianity, Theology, Moral theology, Treatise, American thought, American Educational History, Revivalism, Revivalist doctrines, Textbook, Non-Fiction, Historical, Politics & Society, Religious & Spiritual
Country/Region of Manufacture: United States
Topic: Freewill, moral acts, moral action, Conscientiousness, Obligation, rights and duties, Happiness, Love, Gratitude, Justice, Mercy, Honesty, Sincerity, Veracity, Humility, Faith, Obedience, Benevolence, moral judgments, Morality, teaching of the Scriptures, moral depravity, right & wrong, Threats, Profanity, Injustice, gambling, Slander, marriage, chastity, divorce, incest, Guilt, Temptation, Avarice, Pride, vanity, Malevolent impulses, Slavery, Malice, hatred, crimes, war, Sinful action, Sins, evil, vices, Selfishness Self-gratification, right of property, Bankrupt laws, Intervention of government in worship & education, Patriotism, philanthropy, Duty of worship, Faithfulness in contracts, Civil law, Morality and religion, moral character, Self-defense, Protection of property, Freedom of the press, Discipline and penalty, Capital punishment, Government, voting, democracy, Laws, obedience, God, divine law, family, rightness, liberty, Christian life & citizenship, Intellect, Sensibility, spiritual worthiness, Abolition of Slavery
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